The term seizure is used to describe a self-limiting, asynchronous discharge of neurons within the brain. In humans, seizures are diagnosed on the basis of electroencephalography; in veterinary medicine, however, seizures are typically diagnosed on the basis of clinical appearance. Given that most seizures are witnessed by pet owners, not veterinarians, diagnosing seizures in veterinary … [Continue Reading]

Table of Contents Cushing’s disease, or hyperadrenocorticism, is a common endocrine disease of dogs. It generally affects middle-aged dogs, especially Beagles, Boston Terriers, Boxers, Dachshunds, and Miniature Poodles. There are two types of Cushing’s disease: Pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease A benign pituitary tumor secretes excessive amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This excessive ACTH leads to increased … [Continue Reading]

Table of Contents Feline panleukopenia, sometimes known as feline distemper, is a highly fatal viral disease of cats worldwide characterised by gastroenteritis and immunosuppression. In this article, we review risk factors and prevention of feline panleukopenia, with a particular focus on the use of feline panleukopenia vaccines. Feline panleukopenia: symptoms and survival rates Feline panleukopenia … [Continue Reading]

Table of Contents The term “waste anesthetic gases” is used to designate nitrous oxide emissions that escape the anesthetic circuit, as well as halogenated organic compounds such as isoflurane and sevoflurane. These waste gases can be present in inhaled air while remaining completely undetectable without the use of specialized gas evacuation systems, and as such … [Continue Reading]

Table of Contents Canine influenza is a newly emerging viral respiratory disease endemic to the US and parts of Asia, with outbreaks documented in Canada and the UK. The majority of cases present with mild clinical signs: pyrexia and a persistent cough lasting to 2-3 weeks. Inappetence, lethargy, and a purulent nasal discharge due to … [Continue Reading]

Heartworm disease may be detected on routine health screenings — for example, when a heartworm test is performed at a dog’s annual veterinary wellness visit — or when a dog is tested based on clinical suspicion. Regardless of how heartworm disease is diagnosed, prompt treatment is essential. Table of Contents Goals of heartworm treatment Pet … [Continue Reading]