Explaining canine cognitive dysfunction to pet owners can be challenging. The condition cannot be definitively diagnosed and there is very little scientific evidence to explain its existence, yet we know that it occurs in our aging canine patients. In this article we provide an overview of the syndrome’s symptoms and treatment options. Table of Contents … [Continue Reading]

Canine castration, or dog neutering, is a simple surgery that small animal veterinarians perform on a daily basis. Although complications are relatively uncommon, a solid understanding of surgical technique and predisposing factors is required to ensure the best possible outcome. Table of Contents Surgical technique A routine dog neuter (in a dog with both testicles … [Continue Reading]

Dental care is a fact of life for older dogs. Studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of dental disease in dogs increases as they grow older and their body weight decreases, meaning that older, small-breed dogs are at the highest risk of dental disease. If left untreated, dental disease will only worsen. Therefore, anesthetizing older … [Continue Reading]